The search will use a contains filter so a search for 'ring' will also return 'rings' but also 'bring'.
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The search will return only the word/s you include so a search for 'ring' would exclude 'bring' or 'caring'.
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You can use regular expression characters in your search. To learn how check out my blog post for newbies.
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The matching mechanism uses AI (natural language processing to be exact) in a process called lemmatization to include keywords that are closely related (e.g., 'catch' and 'caught', 'think' and 'thought').